M.T. Ebadi; F. Sefidkon; M. Azizi; N. Ahmadi
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of air velocity and infrared radiation intensity on drying time, essential oil content, and composition of Lemon Verbena (Lippia citriodora Kunth), a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was carried out. The two main treatments were as follows: three air velocity ...
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To evaluate the effect of air velocity and infrared radiation intensity on drying time, essential oil content, and composition of Lemon Verbena (Lippia citriodora Kunth), a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was carried out. The two main treatments were as follows: three air velocity levels (0.5, 1 & 1.5m/s) and three levels of infrared radiation intensities (0.2, 0.3 & 0.5W/cm2). After drying the samples, their essential oil was extracted by hydro-distillation method and compositions of essential oil were identified with capillary gas chromatography, using flame ionization and mass spectrometric detection. Results indicated that the various treatments had significant effects on drying time and essential oil content. With decreasing air velocity and increasing radiation intensity, drying time was reduced. Minimum drying time (35 minutes) was obtained at 0.5 m/s air velocity with the use of 0.5W/cm2 radiation intensity. In contrast, the maximum drying time (65 minutes) was revealed for the sample treated with 1.5 m/s air velocity, which received concomitantly 0.4W/cm2 radiation intensity. Increasing the intensity of infrared radiation in all air velocities had a significant effect on the essential oil content, so that the maximum essential oil content (1.1%) was obtained by application of 1 &1.5 m/s air velocity and the use of 0.5W/cm2 radiation intensity. The survey of essential oil components showed that the highest amount of oxygenated monoterpenes (73.3%), especially citral (61.3%) was measured from samples dried by 0.5 m/s air velocity and 0.2W/cm2 radiation intensity. According to these results, due to the decreased duration of drying time and desired essential oil content and composition, it seems that the use of infrared radiation in conventional dryers could lead to appropriate quality of essential oil.
M. Mirzaei; N. Ahmadi; F. Sefidkon; A. Shojaeiyan; A. Mazaheri
Abstract
Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) is one of economically important species of the Rosaceaefamily for production of rose oil and rose water. High respiration rate of harvested flowers resulting from increasing temperature inside the stacks of flowers causes a reduction in the quantity and quality of ...
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Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) is one of economically important species of the Rosaceaefamily for production of rose oil and rose water. High respiration rate of harvested flowers resulting from increasing temperature inside the stacks of flowers causes a reduction in the quantity and quality of essential oil. In order to study the effects of different storage conditions on essential oil yield and composition, we conducted a factorial analysis based on completely randomized design with three replications and factors of storage durations, temperatures, and incubation conditions. In addition, the effects of different duration of distillation process were investigated using a completely randomized design experiment in three replications by considering quality and quantity of extracted essential oils. Identification of chemical compositions of essential oils was performed by GC and GC/MS. The results indicated that the storage of Damask rose petals in water at 4°C, especially for 48 hours, resulted in a good amount of essential oil content as well as compositions compared to the other storage methods and even fresh petals, distillated just after harvesting. Moreover, the essential oil content increased by increasing the duration of distillation, so that a distillation time of 3 hours and 3.5 hours was identified as the best time for the oil extraction process in terms of yield and essential oil compounds.
F. Raouf Fard; M. Sharifi; R. Omidbaigi; F. Sefidkon; M. Behmanesh; N. Ahmadi
Abstract
The effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJa) upon Agastache foeniculum [Pursh] Kuntze was investigated in aspects of enzymatic activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) and 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), total phenolic content and total protein. The experiments were carried out based on a completely randomized ...
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The effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJa) upon Agastache foeniculum [Pursh] Kuntze was investigated in aspects of enzymatic activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) and 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), total phenolic content and total protein. The experiments were carried out based on a completely randomized design under a hydroponic system. The plants were subjected to different concentrations of MeJa (0, 0.1 and 1 mM). The PAL activity significantly increased in plants treated with 1 mM MeJa for 24 h compared with 0.1mM MeJa and control. In addition, 4CL activity also significantly increased at 24 h after 1mM MeJa treatment compared with 0.1mM MeJa treatment and control. However, MeJa treatments did not have any significant effect on total phenolic compounds after 8, 12 or 24 h of treatment compared with controls of those times. Total protein content significantly increased with 1 or 0.1 mM MeJa treatments after 24h of treatment compared with control plants.
